If you want to relax outside our country, then you need to be sure that this is not prohibited to you. And a bailiff can easily prohibit such a vacation.
According to 229-FZ “On Enforcement Proceedings”, the bailiff has the right, at the request of the claimant or on his own initiative, to issue a resolution on a temporary restriction on the debtor’s departure from the Russian Federation.
So, when can you face a ban on traveling abroad?
A bailiff may impose a travel ban if:
- claims for the collection of alimony, compensation for harm caused to health, compensation for harm in connection with the death of the breadwinner, property damage and (or) moral harm caused by a crime, if the amount of debt under such a writ of execution exceeds 10,000 rubles;
- non-property claims;
- other requirements, if the amount of debt under the writ of execution is 30,000 rubles or more.
Thus, if we are talking about taxes, then for an amount of debt over 30,000 rubles you can say goodbye to your vacation. But if you do not pay taxes or other debts for more than two months, then this amount of debt, at which travel restrictions may be imposed, is reduced to 10,000 rubles.In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 15 114-FZ “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation,” the right of a citizen of the Russian Federation to leave the country may be temporarily limited if he evades fulfilling the obligations imposed on him by the court - until obligations are fulfilled or until the parties reach agreement.
Bans on traveling abroad are transmitted in the form of an electronic document by the bailiff to the database of government agencies. And only at the airport, having purchased tickets or vouchers, having received, if necessary, visas when passing border and customs control, will customs officers inform you about the debt and the ban on leaving. At the stage of obtaining visas, this information is not available. The embassies of a particular country in the list of documents do not require any certificates from bailiffs. And if you have collected the necessary package of documents, you will receive a visa without any problems. But it is impossible to find out about existing travel restrictions through the Border Service website or through the FCS (Federal Customs Service) website. This is classified information.
Unfortunately, the database with travel bans is not publicly available. There are only databases where you can check your debt.So, we have decided that it is impossible to find out about the travel ban on the Internet. And that a travel ban can only exist if there is a debt handed over to bailiffs for collection. But it’s very easy to find out about your debts.
All information about debt and fees is displayed in the taxpayer’s personal account https://lkfl2.nalog.ru/lkfl/login. It's very easy to use:
- Using your login and password (you can get it from ANY IRS)
- Using ES (electronic signature)
- Login through government services (ESIA)
You just need to specify:
- Region
- Date of birth
In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 15 of the Federal Law of August 15, 1996 N 114-FZ “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation,” the right of a citizen of the Russian Federation to leave the Russian Federation may be temporarily limited if he evades fulfillment of obligations imposed on him by the court - until the obligations are fulfilled or until the parties reach agreement.
The presence of debts on taxes and fees, as well as other debts, significantly complicates life:
Firstly, if you have not repaid the debt yourself and have handed over its collection to bailiffs, then get ready to fork out the cash. Be prepared that in addition to the principal debt you will have to pay an enforcement fee in the amount of 7 % from debt, but not less than 1000 rubles.
Secondly, the one to whom you owe can transfer the debt for collection by collectors. But there are other methods and the amounts ultimately come out different.
Thirdly, bank security services also monitor this information when issuing loans. Therefore, you may have problems getting a loan.
Fourthly, if you want to get a job at a prestigious company, then be prepared that the HR department and the internal security service can also obtain data about your debts from open sources and refuse to hire you.
“Why should we look for this information ourselves? Shouldn’t we be notified?” you ask. Must. 229-FZ “On Enforcement Proceedings” specifies the obligation of bailiffs to send to the debtor copies of decisions on a temporary restriction on the debtor’s departure from the Russian Federation and on the lifting of this restriction no later than the day following the day of their issuance.But in practice this happens extremely rarely. Maybe, of course, the mail is not working well. But in fact, most people find out about the travel ban only when they try to cross the Russian border.
By the way, even if you pay everything all the time and are sure that you don’t owe anyone anything, it won’t hurt to check once again. It often happens that bailiffs confuse you with a namesake. For now, we do not have a mandatory requirement to indicate an INN or SNILS with a claim. And now a wave of fraud with court orders is sweeping across the country. This is when, without your presence in court, using forged documents, fraudsters can obtain a court order to collect an unrealistic debt from you.
Check information about your debts and REST CALMLY.
All residents of Russia are required to pay utility bills, fines, and other debt obligations on time. The presence of debt will not allow a citizen to travel abroad, since data on unpaid bills is contained in the customs service database.
The law on the ban on travel abroad in 2020 defines the grounds for refusal to cross the Russian state border.
The grounds for banning travel abroad are contained in Federal Law 114 “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation and entering the Russian Federation.” The legal document was developed and approved by State Duma deputies in 1996. A month after its adoption, it came into force. The latest changes to the official text of the bill were made in 2017.
According to the provisions of the current act, a resolution certified by the signature of a bailiff is the basis for not releasing a citizen from Russia. The legislation provides the following grounds for imposing restrictions:
- For at least 5 years, persons working with sensitive information and state secrets cannot travel abroad. Typically these conditions are specified in the employee's contract. The specified period may last longer;
- It is prohibited for citizens who are in military or alternative civil service due to conscription to leave the territory of Russia. The restriction is valid until the end of the service;
- persons subject to legal proceedings may not travel abroad until the trial is completed;
- citizens convicted of a crime or serving a prison sentence cannot travel abroad;
- when imposing an administrative penalty and evading its execution, it is prohibited to leave the country;
- if incorrect information is deliberately provided to the passport office, you cannot travel abroad;
- When a businessman goes bankrupt, restrictions are imposed.
Current legislation requires written notice to be sent to persons prohibited from traveling abroad. The message shall indicate the timing and reasons for imposing restrictions. When a ban is issued, the citizen’s international passport is transferred to the passport office, where it is stored until the required period has expired.
As for military personnel, they can go abroad only if they have the permission of the higher authorities, registered as per the provisions of the law. Certain restrictions apply to residents under 18 years of age. They can leave Russia only if accompanied by one of the following persons:
- one of the parents;
- guardian;
- adoptive parent;
- trustee.
If a minor is forced to travel abroad on his own, he must provide notarized consent from his parents or guardians. Guardianship authorities must receive information about all movements of persons under 18 years of age.
The bill provides information regarding all possible nuances of leaving the territory of Russia. We suggest downloading the law banning travel abroad using the following link.
Information about all persons in respect of whom regulatory authorities have made a decision to ban them from traveling abroad is contained in the border guards’ database. Restrictions are imposed on a resident of the country in the following cases:
- there are debts on taxes and fines;
- child support is overdue;
- payment of utility bills is delayed;
- loans have been issued that are not paid on time.
If a person has debts to pay for housing and communal services, this does not necessarily mean that he will not be allowed to leave Russia. To impose restrictions, the amount of debt must exceed 10 thousand rubles. If it is less, the authorities do not have the right to impose a ban on the movement of a citizen.
When a person receives a notification about the restrictions imposed on him, he can pay the existing debt within 14 days. After this period, information about the ban is transmitted to border guards.
Restrictions are not lifted immediately, but within 10 days after the amount of overdue payments is transferred. This period can be shortened if the citizen presents a doctor’s certificate confirming that the trip is for medical reasons. If the ban is imposed due to a debt for utility services, it will not be enough to present a receipt for payment at the border. Restrictions are lifted only by authorized bodies.
Fines for late payments
All residents of the country who have arrears on certain payments are included in the “black list” of all border crossing points. Therefore, the debtor will not be able to leave the country until he pays off his existing debts.
In addition, the law provides for another measure of influence on defaulters. If there is a debt on housing and utility payments, a citizen is obliged to pay 17.7% of the total amount to the budget annually.
How to find out if there is a ban on traveling abroad
The legislative document establishes that bailiffs must notify the resident of the imposition of a ban on him. The message is sent to the address where the person is registered. You can check for restrictions yourself.
This service is provided on the official website of the bailiff service. In addition, information is available on the websites of the following organizations:
- the government services portal provides information on tax arrears, fines and outstanding payments under court decisions;
- The tax service website contains data on debts, which requires a taxpayer identification number to access;
- On the official website of the Central Bank you can clarify information about debts to banks.
How to lift a ban on traveling abroad
Today, a ban on leaving Russian territory is one of the most effective measures to combat debt.
A citizen will not be able to go abroad if administrative proceedings have been initiated against him, which is associated with the presence of various types of debts. Those who do not pay their obligations on time are also included in the “black list”.
To be able to travel abroad again, a person will first need to pay off his existing debt. Bills must be paid to the organization that filed the claim.
After the official department makes a decision to impose restrictions, the citizen will have 2 weeks to pay all debts. It should be remembered that this period is calculated from the moment the resolution was adopted, and not from the day the person received it.
Bailiffs have the power to overturn a decision. They lift restrictions when the debtor presents a document confirming the repayment of all overdue payments. The procedure occurs in several stages:
- existing debts are repaid;
- funds are transferred to public utilities (or other organizations), which is reported to the bailiffs;
- a department specialist draws up a resolution and sends it to the border service;
- The data obtained makes it possible to lift the travel ban.
Modern equipment makes it possible to reduce the time it takes to transfer information, but before going abroad you should make sure that the information has been received and restrictions have been lifted.
In some cases, the decision to ban can be challenged. The law provides for a similar procedure if the resolution was drawn up with errors. This can happen when the bailiff wrote out the grounds for the ban, but within the same period the debtor has already paid off the overdue payments. You can also challenge a decision about which the citizen was not notified.
The legislation defines situations in which a person will not be able to leave the country. If there are arrears on debt obligations, the citizen will not be able to travel abroad until the debts are repaid.
Hello, dear travelers. Today we will talk about situations related to traveling abroad with debts and restrictions. The situation is complex and unpleasant, almost every day Russians are faced with the problem of traveling abroad, while the state does not provide a convenient online service to check the presence or absence of restrictions, all that we can check quickly and without leaving home is enforcement proceedings (IP) on website of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (details about checking individual entrepreneurs) or on the website of the State Services.
Of course, in an ideal world, each of us should know about our debts and restrictions, but we live here and now, where a postal notification may not arrive for a completely variety of reasons, an employee of the bailiff service may simply forget to send a notification, and a payment paid on time get lost in the banking jungle. And here is the airport, we go through border control and get a refusal... How many of you are ready for this? I think there are practically no such people, with rare exceptions. Let's look at all these and other questions in order.
Important:There is NO online service for checking restrictions!
The presence of restrictions when leaving Russia is checked by the Border Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation
Crossing the Russian border involves control - inspection by border guards and customs officers. Customs looks after the transported cargo and money; they are not at all interested in your debts. The question of whether to travel or not falls within the competence of the border guards, who, in turn, act on the order received from the bailiffs on the temporary restriction of travel. Then the problem of debt can become a problem of traveling outside the homeland.
Having debt does not mean there is a restriction on travel
As you can see from user messages on our Forum and other resources, people very often confuse debts with restrictions. Of course, there are no restrictions on leaving without debt (with the exception of prohibitions not on debt issues), while the mere presence of debt does not in any way mean the presence of restrictions. Even if you have an active enforcement proceeding and you see it on the Russian Federation website, this does not mean that a travel ban has been imposed on you.
How to check debts and travel restrictions?
In this article I will not consider in detail how to check debts; this is described in detail in the online services section. To briefly describe this issue, you can check your debts on the State Services website (if you don’t have an account yet, you can read the detailed instructions on how to register an account on the State Services), I also advise you to look at the presence or absence of enforcement proceedings (IP) on the website. As I wrote above, There is no online service for checking travel restrictions!!! Remember, there are various sites on the Internet where you can be offered to check restrictions for money, as a rule, these are just scammers who will take your money and will not help you in any way. And of course, the mountains of rubbish in the search results of the RuNet are full of articles that confuse the concepts of “Debt” and “Limitation”. All you can check is the presence of debts and individual entrepreneurs.
Grounds for restrictions on travel abroad
Restrictions on traveling abroad are imposed only if the following grounds exist:
- There is enforcement proceedings, on the basis of a court decision and a writ of execution, or the court decision itself, indicating the obligations imposed on the citizen;
- The court decision must enter into legal force (it is not in the process of appeal and cannot be appealed);
- The writ of execution must be valid and presented in accordance with the law, within 3 years from the date of entry into force;
- The amount of debt in enforcement proceedings is more than 10,000 rubles, with the exception of certain categories of debts, where, in accordance with the new law that entered into force on October 1, the amount of debt must exceed 30,000 rubles;
- The debtor evades the requirement to make payment on time without a valid reason.
In the absence of at least one of the above conditions, the legality of the restriction on travel abroad can be challenged.
Important: Alimony debtors, citizens who owe compensation for damage caused to health or due to the death of the family breadwinner, as well as in connection with property damage or moral harm, as before the adoption of the new amendments, may be restricted from traveling abroad with a debt amount of 10,000 rubles
A limitation for a period of 6 months can be established either at the initiative of the bailiff or at the request of the claimant, provided that the debtor voluntarily did not fulfill the requirements for payment of the debt within a 2-month period. When imposing a ban, the bailiff is the executor is obliged to send a notice of travel restriction, to the permanent registered address of the debtor, or to the known address of his residence.
Important: The period of 6 months for which the travel restriction is issued is counted from the date when it was issued by the bailiff (and not when this decision reaches the border guards).
Excerpt from the forum regarding the presence or absence of information about debts on the FSSP website:
Traveling abroad with debts without breaking the law!?
Let's consider the option when the bailiff handed over the order and you signed for receipt, it seems that everything is according to the law, but you have to go, and you have tickets in hand. Nothing scary yet! In accordance with the law, you have the right to appeal the actions of the bailiff, which entails a ban on traveling abroad, within 10 days from the date of receipt of the decision, having prepared and sent an application to the court, do not forget to mark the acceptance of the document by the court. In this situation, you will not have to pay state duty. After filing a complaint against the decision, it is imperative to take a copy with a receipt stamp to the FSSP office and there also receive a receipt stamp. That's it, your part of the job is done. You won the most important thing - time. It is known from reliable sources: If the bailiff, before the court makes a decision on the filed complaint, sends your data to the “not traveling” database, the possible consequences at work will be more than sad for him.
Excerpt from the forum regarding the existence of enforcement proceedings and the travel ban:
If you have an individual entrepreneur (enforcement proceedings with the FSSP), this does not mean that you will not be able to fly abroad from the Russian Federation. The border guards will not let you out only if your bailiff has issued a “temporary order” against you. travel restrictions." Remember that it takes time to rule on time. the restriction (or the abolition of the temporary restriction) reached the border guards and they brought it to their base.
Important: The 6 months for which the travel restriction is issued is counted from the date when it was issued by the bailiff (and not when this decision reaches the border guards).
Now we come to the main question. How to travel abroad if there is already a travel restriction and it is not possible to return debts to bailiffs? Of course, it would still be right to pay off the debt and fly calmly, although in this case you will still have to wait, as I wrote above, receipt of payment and lifting of restrictions takes about 2 weeks!
There is a misconception that if there is a loan debt, then leaving Russia is prohibited. But delays in themselves do not mean that it will be impossible to go abroad. When exactly does an outstanding loan become the reason for a ban on traveling abroad? And what to do if you are refused to cross the Russian border?
Is it possible to travel abroad if you have a loan?
The answer is clear - yes. The presence of one or even several executed loan agreements does not in any way impose restrictions on traveling abroad.
If you have loans, you can go abroad both for vacation and permanent residence. Moreover, they let you go abroad without any problems even if you have a loan debt.
If there are delays, the bank's security service or that they will be subject to restrictions on leaving Russia. But in most cases, this is simply intimidation - certain circumstances must occur for the travel ban to take effect.
When they may not be allowed to go abroad due to a loan
The main thing you need to understand is that only a court can restrict a citizen’s ability to travel to the territory of another state. Neither the bank, nor the collectors, nor even the bailiffs themselves have such powers.
According to Law No. 114 “On the procedure for leaving the Russian Federation...”, in order to restrict the ability to leave the territory of the country, the bailiff must apply to the court with such a request. If the arguments presented are convincing, an appropriate decision will be made. And only after it comes into force will a citizen not be able to leave Russia.
Important! Restrictions on travel can only be imposed if the debt exceeds 10 thousand rubles. Amendments to the law are currently being considered - it is proposed to increase this figure to 30 thousand rubles. But the final decision has not yet been made.
The only reason for going to court can be the debtor’s failure to comply with a previously made decision to forcibly collect funds in favor of the bank. In other words, enforcement proceedings should already be opened against him.
Example
Ivan is at VTB Bank, but after six months he stopped making payments. After unsuccessful attempts to resolve the issue amicably, the creditor went to court. Based on the results of the consideration of the case, the decision was made in favor of VTB - to recover 450 thousand rubles from Ivan. But the debtor refused to carry out the order voluntarily. To influence Ivan, the bailiff decided to go to court with a request to restrict the borrower from leaving Russia.
That is, if you have overdue obligations, but the matter has not reached a trial and a decision, then they cannot prohibit you from traveling abroad due to an unpaid loan.
How to find out if they will let you through the border
To avoid finding out about restrictions on leaving Russia at customs, check this information in advance. It is recommended to do this not only if you have a loan - sometimes mistakes happen and incorrect information ends up in the database.
The surest way to find out about the presence of restrictions on crossing the border is to look for yourself in the database of enforcement proceedings. To do this you need:
- go to the official website of the Bailiff Service;
- click on the “Services” section;
- go to the “Data Bank of Enforcement Proceedings”.
Important! The presence of open enforcement proceedings does not mean that the ban on traveling abroad is already in effect. It depends on whether the bailiff applied to the court to impose such a restriction.
If you see on the website an enforcement proceeding opened against you based on a court decision, which you actually do not comply with, then to obtain accurate information, contact the bailiff at your place of registration.
What to do to fly out of Russia if there is a restriction
If it turns out that a ban on traveling abroad has already been imposed, then you will not be able to leave the country. By law, the restriction is lifted either by agreement of the parties or in the event of full fulfillment of overdue obligations. In practice, the option of reaching an agreement with the creditor is almost impossible to implement - since the case has already reached the court, it means that the possibility of a peaceful settlement could not be used.
Important! Information in the bailiff database is updated within 14 days. If you are going on vacation, a business trip, or even want to go live abroad, then you need to decide on lifting the restriction in advance.
If a travel ban due to loan debts was imposed incorrectly, then you need to contact the bailiff service in person. Usually this is enough to correct the information in the database; after 2 weeks the data will be displayed correctly.
In cases where the debtor really does not comply with the court decision and does not pay off the debts on the loan, the restrictions can be lifted only after the obligations have been fulfilled.
There are several ways to notify the bailiff that the debt has been paid:
- without a visit - you can send the original (or a certified copy) of the receipt or payment order via Russian Post, fax or e-mail;
- in person - you should go to your bailiff during reception hours with the original documents confirming the repayment of the debt.
If the trip is planned in the near future, then the best option is to go to the bailiff yourself. This way you can be sure that the document is accepted for work. This means that travel restrictions will be lifted in due course.
What to do if there is no money to pay off the debt
When the court makes a decision to collect a debt in favor of the bank, the bailiff has the right:
- seize the borrower's property for subsequent sale in favor of the lender;
- write off funds from the debtor's accounts;
- contact your employer to forcefully deduct money from your salary.
But if the debtor does not have a job, property and money, then there will be nothing to repay the debt with. In this case, the money for settlements with the lender to remove the restriction on traveling abroad can only be reborrowed.
Unfortunately, banks almost never approve new loans to debtors - a negative credit history plays a significant role. But there are several tips that you can use to increase the likelihood of receiving the required amount:
- contact a bank with which you have already had successful experience of cooperation - financial institutions are more loyal to “their” clients;
- provide evidence of your positive financial situation;
- offer as security .
The table below contains brief information about the loan programs of banks that you can contact - they are ready to provide a loan based on two documents.
| Bank's name | Bid | Term | Sum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| from 11.3% to 24% | from 2 to 5 years | from 30 thousand to 700 thousand rubles | ||
| from 12% to 24.9% with the possibility of reduction if obligations are fulfilled in good faith | from 3 to 36 months | from 50 thousand to 1 million rubles | ||
| 12% | from 13 to 36 months | from 25 thousand to 500 thousand rubles | ||
| from 12.5% to 24.7% | from 1 year to 5 years | from 30 thousand to 500 thousand rubles | ||
| from 18.9% to 22.9% | from 1 year to 5 years | from 200 thousand to 1 million rubles |
There are urgent situations in which it is necessary to leave the state. Is it possible to travel abroad with unpaid debts?
Many have heard about the ban on traveling abroad for citizens who have an outstanding debt to pay alimony, taxes, housing and communal services (especially if the statute of limitations on credit debts has not expired: details can be found). How does this measure work in relation to unpaid loans? This topic has its own legal nuances. The following factors determine whether someone will be released abroad with an unpaid debt:
- The period during which the borrower does not pay;
- The procedure for collecting outstanding debt;
- Statute of limitations.
They will be discussed in more detail below.
If there are debts on loans, they will release you abroad
Will they let you go abroad if you have a loan? Yes, definitely. Otherwise, citizens would not have the opportunity to fly abroad on vacation using borrowed funds. The presence of a debt obligation does not affect whether a citizen will be released abroad. The presence of delays in itself is also not a basis for restricting the right to leave. Unlike the statute of limitations for a loan, but this issue is described in more detail in the article on.
If a person avoids paying a debt, this is not a reason to restrict his right to movement. A valid reason for which a citizen will not be released abroad is only a court decision. It is worth noting that the borrower has five days from the date of the court decision in order, if necessary, to leave the country.
Only a bailiff can restrict movement by making such a request. The writ of execution will reach the bailiffs no earlier than five days after the court decision is made to collect the outstanding debt. Thus, there is a chance to leave, even with a court decision in hand.
If there is arrears on the loan, will they be allowed to go abroad?
But suppose that the citizen does not take the situation to an extreme. He is in arrears. Should I be afraid that he will not be allowed to go abroad? If the delay is small, and the creditor has not applied to the court to demand payment of the outstanding debt, certainly not.
As a rule, before going to court to collect an outstanding loan, the citizen will be called at work and at his personal phone. Some credit institutions send letters notifying you of the existence of unpaid debts. They detail the consequences for those who do not pay. The Bank reminds you of its right to go to court to collect the unpaid debt in full.
There may also be mention of the possible resale of outstanding debt to third parties. Collectors to whom a bank can sell an unpaid debt, as a rule, do not go to court, trying to collect the debt themselves. In this case, calls and visits to the home of a debtor with an unpaid debt become noticeably more frequent.
If an appeal to the judicial authorities has occurred, the citizen must be notified about this. But before going abroad, you need to make sure that the bank has not filed a lawsuit. This can be found out by calling or visiting the branch of the institution with which the contract was concluded. There you can also agree on restructuring the outstanding debt. This is useful if there is a need to maintain a positive credit history. An unpaid debt reduces a citizen’s level of trust in other banks.
If for some reason an individual cannot afford to liquidate the existing unpaid debt, but traveling abroad is necessary, there are a number of exceptions. According to them, even citizens who have enforcement proceedings to collect outstanding debts will be released abroad.
How to find out if you will be released abroad if you have loan debts? It's not difficult. To do this, you need to register on the government services portal. There is a notification function about existing debt obligations that are subject to payment in connection with enforcement proceedings. Notifications come directly from the FSPS. This allows you to always be in the know. The system itself checks the databases and sends notifications.
This way you can find out not only about unpaid loan debts, but also other unpaid taxes and fines. This also affects the possibility of traveling abroad.
Will they be released abroad if there is a writ of execution for the loan?
The presence of a writ of execution is not a reason to restrict the right of movement of a citizen. The basis will be an official appeal from the bailiff, who received a writ of execution to collect the outstanding debt.
The writ of execution for the collection of unpaid debt is handed over to the bailiffs after five days. This time is given to the debtor to repay the outstanding debt. But even if the collection procedure works against you, there are ways to leave the territory of Russia legally:
- Contact the bailiff service, enter into an agreement to fulfill your obligations, and, if necessary, pay part of the debt;
- The nature of the work must be related to travel abroad. In this case, there is no right to restrict travel for a citizen, because, having lost his job, he will not be able to pay off the debt;
- Urgent treatment that cannot be provided in Russia;
- Complete liquidation of outstanding loan debt.
Information does not always reach border guards promptly. This means that even in the case of full payment of the debt on the loan, the citizen will not be released from the country until the corresponding ban is lifted, and information about full payment of the debt is not transmitted properly.
It is worth noting that citizens have found a way to travel abroad with outstanding debts through the CIS countries. This is not prohibited by law. From countries with which there is no border control, you can travel to other states. The law is not broken.
Border guards in Belarus do not ask about debts and overdue loans. This fact is not a reason for them to restrict your travel. You can return to Russia in any way. There is no criminal or other liability for this. A citizen cannot be denied the right to enter the country.
Will they be allowed to go abroad if they have credit on their credit card?
Another aspect can be considered credit card debt. As a rule, the highest percentage is set for them. The agreement may stipulate fines and penalties. If the borrower evades payment, then the most profitable thing for the bank is to increase the amount of his debt. You may not be bothered for a year and then sued.
But there is always a risk that the court will take the borrower’s side, accepting good reasons and a difficult financial situation. The bank will not go to court if it understands that it is more profitable for it to sell the debt and receive a small lump sum of money than to pay for an army of lawyers who will deal with the courts. If the borrower does not have his own home, vehicles or other property for foreclosure, the likelihood of going to court regarding a loan issued with a card is minimal.